NAD+ is available as a primary ingredient in some supplements, but the current understanding of NAD+ metabolism is that its bioavailability is severely limited compared to a pair of its precursors: NMN and NR.6 By using NAD+ precursors instead of NAD+ itself, you can end up with more NAD+ available for your body to utilize
Mitochondrial GSH is maintained at 40% of the wild-type level and is accompanied by increased H 2 O 2 release
Safe, inexpensive, and well-studied
Both face absorption challenges
4 A large 2025 scoping review identified hair loss as an "emerging" adverse effect worth systematic investigation, noting that most existing studies lack formal dermatologic diagnostic confirmation, meaning real-world prevalence is likely underreported
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