Hepatic bile acid transporters affected by Atorvastatin Bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11) BSEP, critical for canalicular bile acid excretion, is downregulated by atorvastatin [24,25,26], with experimental studies showing 4060% reduction in expression, leading to bile retention [27]
The copper ion binds to the peptide through a square-planar pyramid configuration, creating an extraordinarily stable complex with a binding affinity (pK = 16.44) approximately 10 million times higher than other tripeptides
Ketterer B, Meyer D
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