Exogenous low molecular weight antioxidants include vitamins (A, C and E), carotenes, glutathione (GSH), uric acid, bilirubin and several trace elements (selenium, copper and zinc) (Young & Woodside, 2001, Joseph, 1995)
The best way for healthy individuals to prevent a vitamin B12 overdose is to eat a well-rounded and healthy diet, incorporating foods high in B12 like organic animal meat, wild seafood, organic dairy products and eggs
This research demonstrated the significance of GSH pool homeostasis and GST induction in resistance to P
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In cultured human keratinocytes exposed to UVB radiation (a standard oxidative stress model), pre-treatment with 10 nM GHK-Cu resulted in: 2.8-fold increase in glutathione reductase mRNA (the enzyme regenerating reduced glutathione from its oxidized form) 2.3-fold increase in catalase expression (HO decomposition) 1.9-fold increase in ferritin heavy chain (sequestering iron, another Fenton-active metal) 62% reduction in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, a DNA oxidative damage marker The protective effect disappeared when using copper-free GHK or copper chloride alone, confirming the intact peptide-copper complex is required
However, the potential benefits of intravenous vitamin C in cancer treatment remains controversial