The critical design decisions included: GIP backbone selection : Starting from GIP rather than GLP-1, as GIP naturally has weak cross-reactivity with GLP-1R, providing a scaffold for optimization Aib2 substitution : Replacing Ala2 with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid for DPP-4 resistance (identical strategy to semaglutide) C-terminal extension : Adding a GGPSSGAPPPS (Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser) 11-residue C-terminal extension that enhances GLP-1R binding C-20 fatty diacid acylation : Attaching an eicosanedioic acid (C-20 diacid) at Lys20 via a Glu-2xOEG linker for albumin binding The resulting molecule exhibits approximately 5:1 selectivity for GIPR over GLP-1R it is a full GIPR agonist and a partial GLP-1R agonist, yet clinically achieves superior outcomes to selective full GLP-1R agonists [7]
Individuals who are pregnant, breastfeeding or have underlying medical conditions should consult a healthcare professional before use
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp7171 442 WangB.LinP.ZhongY.TanX.ShenY.HuangY.et al
Semaglutide acts on GLP-1 receptors in the brain's appetite centers, particularly the hypothalamus, to reduce hunger and increase feelings of fullness
SHP is involved in bile acids synthesis by downregulating the gene transcription of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis
The air pushes the remaining liquid through the dead space, delivering slightly more of your measured dose